Thrust at Blow-Off This is used for purging or venting gas from a pipeline, compressor, meter, or regulator station piping.ย The piping blows down to atmosphere, whereas it is required to calculate the thrust force at the outlet of the pipe where fluid expansion takes place. F โ Thrust…
Linear Thermal Pipeline Expansion Buried pipe must include pre-existing operational stresses. These includes hoop, longitudinal stress due to thermal expansion. Outside force stress must be added to these stresses before any evaluations can be performed as in PLTB. The thermal stress is difficult to estimate because of unknown installation temperature….
Bending Stress-Caused By Fluid Around Pipeline This is the result of erosion that increase span length (exposed pipe) where the PLTB applications calculates the longitudinal stresses that estimates the forces on the pipe due to water flow. The same techniques can be used as spans. Vortex shedding and the potential…
Maximum Allowable Pipe Span Length Step 1: Variables Definitionย ๐ทย โ Pipe Outside Diameter [in] ๐ย โ Weight [lb/ft], includes water weight if hydrostatic testing is specified MOAPย โ Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure [psi] SMYSย โ Specified Minimum Yield Strength or Grade of Steel [psi] OPย โ Operating Pressure [psi] ๐กย โ Pipe Wall Thickness [in]…
Bending Stress and Deflection This application is related bending stresses and deflection on a uniformly loaded span.ย The weight of the pipe and product. If there is more than one loading, superimposing individual solutions will be required.ย To account for unknow stresses multiply the longitudinal stress by 1.1. Fixed End…
Requirements to Move Unpressured Pipe This application is related to maximum movement (deflection) at the end of pipe with no pressure. The greater the deflection requires a larger distance of exposed pipe to minimize the strain on the pipe. ๐๐๐๐ฅย โ Maximum Stress Allowed ๐๐๐๐ย โ Specific Minimum Yield Strength ๐๐ย โ Section…
Hoop and Longitudinal Stress These stresses are used in most calculations for road and RR crossing, spans, blasting, streams, etc. before deciding on the safety of the pipe. Live hoop and longitudinal stress must be below seam and girth weld fatigues limits. Outside force stresses must be known for proper…
Internal Pressure % SMYS The calculation provides the maximum internal pressure given pipe specs and % SMYS.ย These factors are used in the design of roads and railroads.ย Pressure in the pipe i.e. gauge. External loading on the pipe is additive and must be considered separately using PLTB API 1102…
Maximum Impact Load & Penetration Depth The focal point of this application is to assess strain due to a falling object such as a piece of construction equipment, material or vehicle falls over an operating pipeline. Some of the limitations of this calculation are as follows: drop height, maximum load…
Pipe Anchor Force Analysis The following analysis determines stresses and deflections in pipelines at the transition from below ground (restrained) to above ground (unrestrained) to determine if an anchor is required for above ground pig traps or other piping facilities. Internal pressure, temperature change, flexibility of to absorb a degree…