Cathodic Protection Module Attenuation Calculation Where long distances are covered by impressed current systems, voltage drops occur along the structure in a reduction fashion of voltages and currents.Reductions can be significant depending on the current demand and voltage drops. This may require additional cathodic protection for the pipeline system. ๐ ๐ฟย โ…
Resistance to Earth of a Single Horizontal Anode This is common type anode system for linear type anode systems for parallel mitigation for AC Mitigation. These systems require long lengths of copper cable for grounding or mixed metal oxide to be effective. ๐ โย โ Resistance of horizontal anode to earth(Ohms)๐ฟ โ…
Resistance to Earth of Multiple Vertical Anode โ This is a common type impressed current ground bed system used to cathodically protect large segments of pipelines as well as pump or compressor station piping. It requires many anodes to be effective in either multiple i.e. in line perpendicular asย specific intervals…
Resistance to Earth of a Single Vertical Anodeโ Resistance to Earth calculations are the basis for other calculation which require the effective soil resistivity at that location. Once this value is obtained grounding charts like Dwightโs curves can be used to determine multiple anodes as required. The calculation is used…
Rudenberg’s Formula for the Placement of an Anode Ground Bed This formula considers the attenuation of the pipe to determines the required structure voltage based on the current output. Rudenbergโs formula is very theoretical just using pipe parameters. Other factors to be considered include the presence of foreign metallic structures,…
Resistance to Earth of an Impressed Anode Ground Bed This calculation is used to calculate rectifier and ground bed sizing to protect large underground piping systems such as pump/compressor stations and large transmission piping systems. These systems are not practical for 1 amp or less with low driving voltages. In…
PLTB Gas & Liquid Services Cathodic Protection Introduction The Pipeline Toolbox is home to many tools and calculators. The PLTB Userโs Guide presents information, guidelines and procedures for use during design, operations and integrity tasks for field or office applications. Pipeline cathodic protection is achieved by the supply of sufficient…
Potential Impact Radius Potential impact radius (PIR) means the radius of a circle within which the potential failure of a pipeline could have significant impact on people or property. PIR is determined by the formula r = 0.69* (square root of (p*d2)), where โrโ is the radius of a circular…
Natural Gas Pipeline Rupture – Width Radius Depth or Crater Natural gas rupture includes three (3) models that determine depth, radius and Width of the crater. Gasunie, NEN 3651 Radius of Crater and PRCI/Gasunie/Battelle combined model. GASUNIE MODELThis model applies to a guillotine rupture wherein two separate pipe ends exists…
Gas Lost in Section of a Full-Bore Rupture Full Bore Calculation Gas lost is a calculation is a full-bore rupture where an accidental release occurs on both ends of the pipe under subsonic conditions. Some of the limitations include pressure, location, size of pipe, time to isolate, etc. with two…