Hydrostatic testing is a method to determine strength, expose defects, expose leak & validate integrity of the vessel. Typically, tests are conducted at 125% of MAOP. These tests are limited to defects that are ready for failure such as cracks. The test pressure must be adjusted for the related allowable…
API 1104 Appendix A: Weld Imperfection Assessment Determination of Acceptable Imperfection Size by Option 1 Two sets of acceptance criteria are given, depending on the CTOD toughness value. When the CTOD toughness is equal to or greater than 0.010 in. (0.25 mm), the maximum acceptable imperfection size is given in…
PLTB Liquid Services – Pipeline Testing Introduction The Pipeline Toolbox is home to many tools and calculators. The PLTB Userβs Guide presents information, guidelines and procedures for use during design, construction, operations and integrity tasks for field or office applications. Pressure testing is an industry-accepted method for validating the integrity…
Pump Station Piping – Pipe Wall Thickness Pipe wall thickness (WT) is based pipe diameter, SMYS, internal design pressure/factor, joint factor and sum of allowance WT. π‘πΒ β Nominal Wall Thickness />Satisfying Requirements for Pressure and Allowances [in] π‘ β Pressure Design Wall Thickness [in] π΄ β Sum of Allowances for…
Pump Station Piping – Pipe Diameter and Average Flow Velocity Calculating the average liquid flow using the internal diameter the average liquid velocity ft./sec can be calculated using flowrate and diameter. Significant changes in the liquid flow due to operational changes can be a limiting factor. Pipe diameter is based…
Reciprocating Pump – Acceleration Head Acceleration head is the energy required to change the velocity of the liquid in the system from an at rest, or zero condition, to some non-zero value. Low pressure situations occurring on the inlet side of the pump can have an adverse effect on fluid…
Reciprocating Pump – Piston Rod Load The piston rod acts to transfer reciprocating motion and power into work energy at the fluid end. The seals at the outside diameter moves the with piston and determines the limits of pressure.Β Lubricants ensure packing life and possible leaks. ππ πΏΒ = 0.7854π·π2ππ ππ πΏ…
Reciprocating Pump – Displacement and Actual Capacity A Reciprocating Pump uses reciprocating motion to cause a fluid to be moved from one location to another.Β The most common is the positive displacement type. Capacity is limited by the pump speed and number of plungers/pistons available along with other mechanical considerations…
Temperature Rise Due To Pumping No pump is perfect with 100% efficiency. Energy lost in friction and hydraulic losses transforms to heat – heating up the fluid transported through the pump and the piping. PLTB calculates this temperature rise. Throttling the discharge valve will result in a temperature increase. Reduced…
Suction Specific Speed Pump specific speed when running, calculates increases in unit of volume in a unit of time through a unit of head pressure. The characteristics of the suction side of the impeller determine the efficiency. where π β Suction Specific Speed ππππ»πππ β Net Positive Suction Head Required [ft]…