PLTB Liquid Services – Pipeline Miscellaneous Introduction The Pipeline Toolbox is home to many tools and calculators. The PLTB User’s Guide presents information, guidelines and procedures for use during design, construction, operations and integrity tasks for field or office applications. The Miscellaneous module covers several tools used in the liquid…
Reinforcement of Welded Branch Connection One of the first methods of providing branch connections was to stub a branch line into a run. Sometimes a pad would also be used to reinforce the connections. The figure below shows a header with pad-reinforced branch connections. Although tees and extrusions have generally…
Relief Valve: Reactive Force PTLB Facilities – Liquid – 2.3 Intro.pngWhere:𝐹ℎ − Force due to Change in Momentum (lbs)𝐹𝑣 − Force due to Discharge (lbs)𝐹𝑡 = PTLB Facilities – Liquid – 2.3 Intro_2.pngReactive Force (lbs)𝑆𝐺 − Liquid Specific GravityQ − Flowrate (gal/min)𝐴 − Area of Outlet Pipe (in2)P − Static…
API 520 – Relief Valves Requiring No Capacity Certification This method assumes an effective coefficient of discharge, Kd = 0.62, and 25 % overpressure. An additional capacity correction factor, Kp, is needed for relieving pressures other than 25 % overpressure (see Figure 38). This sizing method may be used where…
API 520 – Relief Valves Requiring Capacity Certification The ASME Code requires that capacity certification be obtained for PRVs designed for liquid service. The procedure for obtaining capacity certification includes testing to determine the rated coefficient of discharge for the liquid PRVs at 10 % overpressure. The sizing equations…
PLTB Liquid Services – Pipeline Facilities Introduction – Pipeline Facilities The Pipeline Toolbox is home to many tools and calculators. The PLTB User’s Guide presents information, guidelines and procedures for use during design, construction, operations and integrity tasks for field or office applications. In today’s competitive and changing environment, it…
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Linear Thermal Pipeline Expansion Buried pipe must include pre-existing operational stresses. These includes hoop, longitudinal stress due to thermal expansion. Outside force stress must be added to these stresses before any evaluations can be performed as in PLTB. The thermal stress is difficult to estimate because of unknown installation temperature….
Bending Stress-Caused By Fluid Around Pipeline This is the result of erosion that increase span length (exposed pipe) where the PLTB applications calculates the longitudinal stresses that estimates the forces on the pipe due to water flow. The same techniques can be used as spans. Vortex shedding and the potential…
Maximum Allowable Pipe Span Length API 1117 Movement of In-Service Pipelines using the free span between pipe supports. PLTB predicts stresses due to pipe movement of in-service and out of service lines as well as operating pipelines having unintended free spans. This calculation is based on a four-span loaded beam….